Explain how you think Act 3 affects the audience(TM)s feelings about Othello Essay Example

Explain how you think Act 3 affects the audience(TM)s feelings about Othello Essay Act III is a highly significant scene among all of those in the play of Othello. Act III moves the play along and heightens the intensity, drama and tension between the characters. The plot of the play pans out as the act provides the audience with a skeleton of the time frame in the play; and hence a great sense of urgency. In my own opinion, I feel that the later two scenes (scene three and four) are the most capable of tracking the audiences feelings about Othello. Scene three is one of the longest scenes, consisting of 480 lines and entrances and exits. Shakespeare has to keep up the relentless pace to remove opportunity for questions to creep into Othellos mind. Othello can be seen as a victim of Iago in this scene, and evidently it is widely referred to as the temptation scene. The scenes previous to this are almost engulfed with conversation in which Iago manipulates Othello and aggravates him by speaking of something which only Iago knows. Othellos short fuse almost reaches its end in scene three as he is driven to madness with curiosity; he exclaims I prythee, speak to me as to thy thinkings. Critics have commented on the similarities between this scene and the biblical scene with Eves original sin in the Garden of Eden. Eve is driven by curiosity and temptation, leading her into eating the sinful apple. Likewise Othello cannot bear to knowt a little. Iago is able to manipulate many characters so skilfully that they seem to be acting simultaneously of their own freewill. For example, it only takes the slightest prompting on Iagos part to put Othello into the proper frame of mind to be consumed by jealously. This theme immerses most of the play; consequently resulting in its tragic nature. Iago is the antagonist and he relishes in the pain he causes. In Act three, scene three he quotes: Dangerous conceits are in their natures poisions Which at the first are scarce found to distaste But with a little act upon the blood Burn like the mines of sulphur. Furthermore, much of the action in act three works coincidently in Iagos favour and contributing to Othellos anger. A very good example of this is, in scene three Othello says: I swear tis better to be much abusd than but to knowt a little. We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how you think Act 3 affects the audience(TM)s feelings about Othello specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how you think Act 3 affects the audience(TM)s feelings about Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Explain how you think Act 3 affects the audience(TM)s feelings about Othello specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And Iago is fortunate to find himself alone with Othello at this key moment; which may be attributed to Desdemona having gone too far in her insistent demands on Cassios behalf. She is of course, unaware of the impression that this is further imprinting on Othellos mind, due to the seed planted by Iago (of Desdemona and Cassios connection). Anyhow, Desdemona aids Iagos case by being excessive and therefore arousing suspicion. In addition, Iago is canny and does not poison Othellos mind with utter lies but he simply twists reality and the harmless actions of the other characters; in order to anger Othello. Othello becomes Iagos sufferer as Iago exploits Cassios discomfort upon seeing Othello by interpreting it as a sign of guilt. Following this Iago quotes I lay with Cassio lately I heard him say, Sweet Desdemona, let us be wary, let us hide our loves Consequently here he is able to weaken links between Othello and loyal Cassio. Othello can very much, become moulded into the victim of Iago as his strong and sovereign nature is destroyed. This affects the audience very much so as it is a given that we would feel compassion for the tragic hero, Othello. Act III allows the audience to see the harsh affects that Iago has had on Othellos previously amiable personality. There is great irony in that it is Othello, himself, who paves the way for assault from Iago as he explains that without Desdemonas love Chaos is come again. This is the first time Othello has admitted to a vulnerability or dependency, and this rising fear allows Iago to prey upon his dread of loss that which has previously given his life light and direction. This suspicion is taken a great step further when Iago reveals his handkerchief ploy: such a handkerchief I am sure it was your wifes- did I today see Cassio wipe his beard with. Thus, Iago victimises Othello, by wearing down his self-sufficiency and using Desdemonas kind nature and regard for others (Cassio) to work against her; and thus lead Othello further into doubt. I feel that Othello is a direct product of Iagos scheming in Act three, causing the audience to feel sympathetic in one way, towards Othello, and also frustrated and exasperated at how he is so easily mislead. In my opinion, it cannot be denied that Othello is a victim of Iago as Othello himself even touches on this idea. The audience understand how Othello is tortured by jealousy as he uses images that recall Iagos words: If there not be cords or knives, Poison or fire, or suffocating streams, Ill not endure it. Would I were satisfied. Iago acts as the malcontent in the play and so inflicting torture and suffering on the other characters, in particular our protagonist. Following on from Iagos mistreatment of Othello and almost definitely as a consequence of it; Othellos love turns to loathing. It is an interesting, complex and catastrophic turn of events as Othellos love and consideration for his wife turns into distasteful hatred. It is not completely unexpected as Othello shows worrying signs of overwhelming love for Desdemona. For example, long before Act three Othello appears to be fixated on his wife, when he first greets her in Cyprus he declares that he is almost too happy: If it were now to die, Twere now to be most happy; for, I fear, My soul hath her content so absolute That not another comfort like this Succeeds in unknown fate. Therefore it is evident that even without Iagos infliction, Othello is so dangerously in love with Desdemona; he cannot control his powerful and romantic feelings. As a soldier one of the attributes that Othello prides himself on, decisiveness, fails him as a husband as he longs to seek ocular proof of Desdemonas unfaithfulness; and when presented with this by Iago his latest opinion of her is unyielding. It is difficult to determine how an audiences feelings towards Othello might change due to his display of loathing towards his loving wife. As their feelings will differ depending on who they feel is to blame for this. Many believe that Iago is entirely to blame for such a quick and decided shift in Othellos emotions, and some believe that Iago plays but a small role. In 1904 a critic known as A. C. Bradley quoted His (Iagos) thwarted sense of superiority wants satisfaction and He is the spirit of denial of all romantic values. Thus contributing to the belief that Iagos manipulation and twisted influence deeply warps our tragic heros romantic thoughts and feelings. Iago holds such an undeniably strong presence in Othellos life. He is the antagonist and leaves Othello confused and with no reason not to believe him. There is a great deal of evidence in the play to suggest that the noble protagonist is pushed towards emotional turmoil and contorted thoughts by ruthless Iago. Iago quotes that cuckold lives in bliss and if it be hers (the handkerchief that he claims that Cassio had) or any that was hers; It speaks against her with the other proofs. However it is plausible that an audience might be reduced to disliking Othello due to his change from love to loathing. It is possible that Othello is entirely to blame for his deteriorating state of mind and his new-found inclination for hatred. In 1930, G. Wilson Knight supported this opinion, by quoting Othello is infatuated by emotion, for its own sake, he luxuriates in it . Throughout the play Othello forecasts his success in love on his success as a soldier, wooing Desdemona with tales of his military travels and battles. Once the Turks are drowned he is left with nothing to do. No longer having a means of proving his manhood or honour in a public setting such as the court or the battlefield; Othello desperately clings to the security of his former identity as a soldier while his current identity as a lover crumbles. Othello begins to confuse the one with the other. His expression of his jealousy quickly deteriorates from Farewell the tranquil mind to Farewell the plumd troops and the big wars Pride, pomp, and circumstance of glorious war! . Anyhow it is definitely very probable that the audiences compassion and hopes for Othello as the tragic hero begin to fade as his nature turns from amiable to hateful. Regarding the mixed and broken language used by Othello in this Act, an audience could immediately comment on his poor state of mind. A confident, noble man at the beginning of the play, Othello changes from Act three onwards; as he is manipulated by Iago into believing Desdemonas infidelity. This transforms Othellos nature and language into barbaric and somewhat hell-like . Upon reflection of the beginning half of the play, Othellos language presents a very different man. Let us remember the beginning of the play, where Othello portrays himself as a virtuous man possessing a composed nature. This is evident through his speech in Act I Scene III to the Duke of Venice regarding Brabantios accusations of witchcraft toward him. Othello uses poetic and wise language which connotes his rational manner. Although stating Rude am I in my speech Othello presents his humble nature when compared to Brabantio. Othello offers judicious and romanticised language during his speech, describing his how he came to marry Desdemona as a unvarnished tale deliver of my whole course of love. This is a direct contrast to the Othello we are met with in Act three. In Act III, the transformation of Othellos personality and also his language is obvious. Othello is no longer confident with his marriage as his language changes from heavenly imagery to hawking imagery. Othello now speaks of his wife as a haggard the image of an ignorant hawk to signify his suspicions of her infidelity. It is evident that he now does not think highly and vows to whistle her off if she does happen to stray away from him. It is evident that Othello becomes insecure within himself and unstable in his marriage, and his language reflects this. He comments on her hot and moist hand; a belief at the time, was that this inferred a lustful nature. He also says she is of a liberal heart indicating her immorality. He betrays every trust in her as he speaks of her in crude and ill language. Heres a young and sweating devil here, who constantly rebels says he. And also, it is evident that he has no more respect for his wife as he brands her a whore and cries Death and damnation! as Iago suggests Desdemona and Cassio sleeping together. Finally, as Othello becomes more confident of his wifes unfaithfulness, his language reflects his fury toward her as he vows revenge on her. In using hell imagery he compares his recent hatred for Desdemona with the venom of aspics tongues which show his negativity toward her and also through his desire to tear her all to pieces! His language mirrors how disturbed he is, turning the audience against him, as he is unmovable in his opinion of Desdemona and he vows revenge against her. It is most significant that his language begins to reflect that of Iago as he no longer speaks poeticallty, of his love and of his glorious career as a soldier in the same vein. Instead he seems to have picked up on Iagos harsh and crude language. Othello soon refers to his wife as whore and then lewd minx in Act III scene three. He speaks graphically and sexually, which is often associated with Iagos linguistic; Othello asks Were they as prime as goats and hot as monkeys.. He again talks speaks crudely of Desdemona as he quotes I had been happy if the general camp, Pioneers and all, had tasted her sweet body.. As an audience we do not expect to witness such derogatory and filthy language from Othello, our tragic hero. It is also important to remember that an Elizabethean audience would have been disgusted and would have linked this change in Othello as him shedding his true colours as a black person. Lastly, Othellos plans for Desdemona and Cassio leave the audience feeling disappointed and aghast at the sinister capability of the supposed hero in the play. Up until this point in the play, Othellos character and make-up had shown classic signs of the misunderstood, isolated character whom everyone had initially interpreted wrongly. As an audience we are disappointed to witness Othello speaking so maliciously about the woman he previously proclaimed to have loved. Othello now cannot be forgiven or excused as simply being a product of Iagos plans; as he makes his own devious and calamitous plans. He calculates like a real assassin, Within these three days let me hear thee say That Cassiod not alive and he decidedly quotes I will withdraw to furnish me with some swift means of death for the fair devil. This is a turning point for the audiences every respect and high esteem of Othello. In conclusion, I feel that Act III would have left the audience with a new depiction of Othello. Throughout this Act Othello is no longer the noble, courageous and decent man that we know him as. He presents a more cowardly man, who is easily manipulated by Iago and is easily reduced to very low levels. Othello is definitely less likeable following Act III as he becomes accustomed to derogatory language, he is consumed by jealousy and revenge; and thus he is transformed from a benign and compassionate soldier and husband to a rancorous, erratic assassin. Consequently by the end of Act III, Othello would have conformed to the stereo-type Moor of the time; proving the Elizabethan audience correct in their probable initial impressions of the black soldier. Nonetheless, there is however the possibility that Act three would have left Shakespeares audience feeling ever so slightly sympathetic towards the protagonist. Since, an Elizabethan audience would have understood the weight Othello attaches to his reputation, pride and therefore anger at Desdemona. In Shakespeares day a mans honour was extremely important and his wifes chastity was an integral part of it.

Free Essays on Photo Hunt

From 1979 to present there have been many famous photographers, but there are three who really stick out: Jerry Uelsmann, Freeman Patterson, and Annie Slivovitz. These three photographers had very distinct photography and viewed photography as more than pictures but as pigments of emotions and feelings. These photographers are very famous for their pictures and one photographer is known for her help in third world countries. Jerry Uelsmann was born in Detroit on June 11th, 1934. Uelsmann acquired school degrees and actually went on to teach classes. He was an intelligent man, who knew exactly what he wanted to do in his life. When Uelsmann was 23 years old (1957) he received his B.F.A degree at the Rochester Institute of technology. When he was 26 (1960) he received his M.F.A at the Indiana University. In 1960 he received his first job offer to teach photography at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Uelsmann is also a member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain. Uelsmann founded The American Society for Photographic Education. Uelsmann did mostly double exposures. When working a day in the darkroom Uelsmann would go through 50 sheets of photo paper, trying to find at least one or two prints that he liked. During a year, Uelsmann may produce one hundred and fifty images, and only fifteen of those one hundred and fifty images last through out the year. The fifteen prints that are left are the prints that had meaning to him. Sometimes he would draw sketches of the pictures he would like to develop, just to give him an idea of the kind of image he would like to create in his next photo. Uelsmann is not known for computer images but on a couple of his photographs he has used his Macintosh computer to enhance the prints. One photograph that he has computer enhanced is (â€Å"Man Walking on the Deskâ€Å"). Uelsmann decided to use a computer to alter this print because it amazed him; all the possibilities/creations that are a... Free Essays on Photo Hunt Free Essays on Photo Hunt From 1979 to present there have been many famous photographers, but there are three who really stick out: Jerry Uelsmann, Freeman Patterson, and Annie Slivovitz. These three photographers had very distinct photography and viewed photography as more than pictures but as pigments of emotions and feelings. These photographers are very famous for their pictures and one photographer is known for her help in third world countries. Jerry Uelsmann was born in Detroit on June 11th, 1934. Uelsmann acquired school degrees and actually went on to teach classes. He was an intelligent man, who knew exactly what he wanted to do in his life. When Uelsmann was 23 years old (1957) he received his B.F.A degree at the Rochester Institute of technology. When he was 26 (1960) he received his M.F.A at the Indiana University. In 1960 he received his first job offer to teach photography at the University of Florida in Gainesville. Uelsmann is also a member of the Royal Photographic Society of Great Britain. Uelsmann founded The American Society for Photographic Education. Uelsmann did mostly double exposures. When working a day in the darkroom Uelsmann would go through 50 sheets of photo paper, trying to find at least one or two prints that he liked. During a year, Uelsmann may produce one hundred and fifty images, and only fifteen of those one hundred and fifty images last through out the year. The fifteen prints that are left are the prints that had meaning to him. Sometimes he would draw sketches of the pictures he would like to develop, just to give him an idea of the kind of image he would like to create in his next photo. Uelsmann is not known for computer images but on a couple of his photographs he has used his Macintosh computer to enhance the prints. One photograph that he has computer enhanced is (â€Å"Man Walking on the Deskâ€Å"). Uelsmann decided to use a computer to alter this print because it amazed him; all the possibilities/creations that are a...

How native american were treated Personal Statement

How native american were treated - Personal Statement Example Native America contracted epidemics diseases brought by the European, got displaced, enslavement and high rates of intermarriages (Stannard, 1993). An Indian Holocaust is a term used by the American Indians to describe the mass destruction of the Indian population following the European colonization. On other hand, genocide means the killing of a particular people or tribe. It is also described as an intentional and systematic termination of national or ethnic group. Genocide is not a new phenomenon as the American Indians experienced it when colonialists burnt down their villages and shot all people including women and children. There were many aspects of genocide that was implemented by the Native Americans. The list of genocidal guidelines includes biological welfare, mass-execution, Incarceration, prevention of religious practices and incarceration among others. Mass-execution started when Columbus arrived as the forty-eight neighboring states of America were in excess by twelve million. Columbus came to implement mass execution and slavery. Three years later, approximately five million people were dead as a result of the m ass execution and slavery. Spanish colonizers were harsh to children who attempted to run as they could cut off their legs (Stannard, 1993). They could also pour boiling soap on people who tried to resist their commands. This torture was an awful thing to do to a fellow human being. Despite the departure of Christopher Columbus, many countries celebrated the day that he arrived in America. However, this holiday has been widely opposed. This holiday is not common as people argue that he was cruel to the natives when he arrived in America. The day should not be eminent as it brings back memories of tears. The Spanish government conducted a census, and they found out that only 200 indigenous people were

Basic English Knowledge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Basic English Knowledge - Assignment Example After going through the material, quizzes and other knowledge testing exercises I am now able to pick out my mistakes and rectify them. The idea that I am speaking or writing flawlessly, or with minimal mistakes, gives me confidence, sense of achievement and motivation to continue and improve. Â  After completing half of this course, I have gained knowledge on the use of conjunctions, adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases and other grammatical concepts. I am able to distinguish between the concepts and make use of them in different situations. The restricted grammatical knowledge, that I previously had stopped me from explaining things and circumstances. The knowledge that this course has brought to me, has made it easier for me to express my feelings and opinions. Â  This course has helped me in making proper tenses. I am able to properly define the time period that I am referring to. I have ample knowledge about the words and phrases that explain verbs and nouns. In addition, the formation of sentences as improved markedly. I am able to distinguish between a requesting, commanding and other nature of sentences. The course has greatly helped me in improving my English reading, writing and speaking skills.

The english housel development Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The english housel development - Article Example the beauty and design have to be concordant to each other in such a way that the scheme may explore the needful appearance of the concept in theory1. The relation between Hitchcock and Pugin is that Hitchcock is a critic of building design and he finds Pugin to follow such dimension in his work. The narratives of Pugin are very sensitive in terms of explaining the true sense of functionalism. Such narratives have proven as effective context of understanding design process of functionalism beauty in structures, it is significant to note that the Hitchcock address beholds instruments and the changing circumstances which have conveyed the eligibility of process designing. The criticism that has been put forward by Pugin in his address of functionalism as a process of design critic does not just enhance the limitations and shortcomings but it rather takes a constructive approach to discuss this area of design and aesthetics. On the other hand, Shaw has been critically acclaimed by Muthesius with the usage of sculpture examples in the address. This is fairly different from the approach of Hitchcock who takes a case study approach to solve such aspects2. Thus, it can be said that my personal viewpoint considers the assessment and critical claim of Hitchcock to Pugin’s desi gn is appropriate and worth it as mentioned, â€Å" It is proper to remark that the cluster of pinnacles at A are not carried up for mere ornament, pinnacle at the point of

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay

Economies Of Scale In Airlines Management Essay Abstract The following report is aimed at examining the economies of scale concept and strategies in the airline industry. This document is divided into several pieces which discuss the impact of the economies of scale on the main aspects of the airline industry. The last section of the document concludes. Introduction The financial aim of firms is to increase the shareholders capital (Atril, P., Mc Laney E., 2008). Business management, then, have to either optimize asset utilization or reduce firms costs. Current economic situation have managed industries to achieve historic levels of asset optimization. Therefore, special emphasis had been put in cost reduction strategies during the last decade (Akan, M., Ata, B., Lariviere, M. A., 2011). Airline companies were one of the industries which suffered, almost immediately, the effect of these new market conditions. To cope with this scenario, the industry implemented several cost saving strategies; among them the economies of scale'(EoS). The following document is aimed at examining the term EoS and analysing how applicable the concept is to major carriers/airlines. The document is divided into eight pieces. The first discusses how the EoS applies to the airline industry. The remained sections comment on how the EoS affects: the airlines purchasing process, managerial procedures, marketing, technology usage, consolidation, and the open skies strategy. The last section concludes. Economies of scale in airlines EoS can be defined as any cost reductions, responding to increased demand for output, moving along a given, downward-sloping long run cost curve (Grieve, R. H., 2010). In other words, the demand allows firms, in this case airlines, to distribute costs over a greater number of products/services. Airlines have put in place several strategies to increase the number of flights. Among them: ticket-selling process optimization, in-flight meal reduction/suppression, alliances, and consolidations (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS concept assumes that increasing returns emerge at the level of the firm. However, some authors claim that EoS does contribute to cost reductions, but turnover growth does not generally manifest itself in this manner. Empirical evidence has shown that EoS only helped those airlines which do not lose their identity when demand increases. That is, Airlines which do not lose the control of the service delivery even they rely in a complex provider structure. Following this train of thought, EoS are of little importance in accounting for increasing returns, since these return rates are attributable to other factors such as external economies or industrial differentiation (Grieve, R. H., 2010). A successful example of EoS implementation is Star Alliance. Star Alliance is a network of 24 member airlines. Lufthansa and United airlines have registered an important growth in its passenger airline group during 2010 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Whereas, a failed implementation, MexicanaClick, a low cost airline which was property of the second largest Mexican carrier (Mexicana), did not produced the expected results (BBC, 2010). The EoS effects in purchasing processes The implementation of EoS has forced airlines to change their business model. Traditionally, ticket selling was made in two main forms: over the airline counter or via an agent. Information Technologies (IT) have modified this process. Customer can directly make reservations and buy tickets without by themselves. Therefore, ticket agents have evolved to electronic system which provided the function of searching, reserving, and selling tickets making the purchasing process more accurate, fast, and reliable (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). In the same manner, EoS has managed airlines to establish stronger relationships with their suppliers. For instance, the supply IT systems have allow airlines to avoid intermediaries in the requisition of resources since mid 80s, therefore, their logistic costs have decreased (Caves, D. W., et al, 1984). Investments in these matters have allowed Lufthansa to be the third largest airlines of Europe, and the worlds fifth largest airline in terms of overall passengers (Singh, A.Kr., Das, D., 2010). EoS and managerial procedures Outsourcing is the most recurrent strategy of the EoS. By outsourcing activities, the airline allows market forces to reduce the costs of subcontractors who offer for the business (Harvey, G., 2009). However, some author claim that high specialization, in providers, jeopardize business continuity of the outsourced firm (Grieve, R. H., 2010). Nowadays, airline employees are based in different parts of the world, sometimes in places where salaries and benefits are lower than their airline-home based colleagues. In this manner, airlines have also relocated business functions to take advantage of lower wages and social charges incurred in some countries. For instance, British Airways relocated its ticket processing function to New Delhi (Harvey, G., 2009). EoS and marketing Marketing function has also been affected by EoS. Alliances have switched this function to major airlines. Major airlines are responsible for the marketing trips for routes which are composed of international and local courses. In this manner, major companies deliver the international legs of the trip and regional airlines the local ones. When the complete journey is made by two major companies, the role of major and regional firms are switched. That is, the airline which delivers the international leg is responsible for the marketing duties of that trip and vice versa. Additionally, these functions are, most of the times, outsourced. The flight Atlanta-Barcelona is a good example. British Airways is responsible for the marketing of that route, but it only delivers the track from Atlanta to London. The second leg, London-Barcelona is delivered by Iberia; whereas in the route Barcelona-Atlanta, these functions are switched (Wright, C. P., et al, 2010). In the case of regional or small companies, marketing function is totally absorbed by the major company, since regional/small firms do not have the required infrastructure to perform this task (Forbes, S. J., Lederman, M., 2010). Technology in airlines IT systems are the most popular EoS strategy. They have not only changed the airlines purchasing process, but also have optimized the occupation and improved the communication with providers (Pilarski, A., 2005). However, that is not enough. Energy represents one of the biggest costs of the airlines. Air France-KLM and Air China reported that fuel costs accounted for almost 39% of its global costs in the fiscal year 2009 (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Thus, better engine technology, logistic, and route planning system will help the airlines to reduce these costs. Airlines have not been able to apply EoS to aircraft technology since they have a higher dependency in two main providers: Airbus and Boeing (DATAMONITOR, 2010). Generally speaking, the whole industry efficiency depends upon technological advances and cost improvement that these two companies may achieve. Therefore, it can be said that all technology which does not directly depend upon airlines is already optimized. Air France-KLM and Delta are a good example of technological optimization since some of their process like luggage registering and check-in can be done by the customer himself avoiding long queues. Consolidation of the airline industry Consolidation is also a well known EoS strategy. Consolidation is mainly aimed at reducing costs by combining mature and efficient processes into one unique entity (Oum, T. H., et al, 1995). Some authors claim that consolidations make airlines to increase their market share. However, Empirical evidence has shown that market share remains stable. For instance, in the 70s five US airlines controlled 87% of the global market. In 2003, none of these five airlines exist, although the share of the top-10 airlines in all traffic was 86% (Pilarski, A., 2005). On the other hand, consolidations are long and complex processes due to tax and aeronautical regulations. Alliances have been a optional strategy for consolidations. Alliances is formed by any two airlines that exchange interline passengers and that have a proration agreement for the revenue collected from the sale of interline itineraries. In this manner, an airline can expand its destinations and, therefore, increase its revenues. In 2006, 59% of all worldwide available seat miles were flown by airlines belonging to one of the three largest international alliances: Star, SkyTeam, or oneworld. Alliance activity is expected to continue growing (Wright, et al, 2010). Therefore, alliances seem to be the right strategy for the industry. Open skies strategy The open skies strategy consists on allowing airlines to fly within one country, that is, no restriction in local services. In this fashion, an airline may design routes to cover local routes and directly compete with regional firms. The agreement between US and the EU allows airlines to reduce costs of share codes and to improve their costing schema. European airlines which are already consolidated with American ones can operate as one entity, because they do not have restrictions to operate in both regions and vice versa. However, European Court of Justice has found that this agreement is breaking the law, thus, some amendments have to be done to this agreement (Yu-Chun, C., et al, 2009). Open skies strategy is not a direct result of the EoS, but a mean to achieve it. This strategy was created to impulse airline industry in the 1940s. Thus, agreements like that in other regions will allow airlines to reduce their costing schema and to increase their market participation. Conclusions Airline industry is the foundation stone of the current global commerce. Its high efficiency has allowed firms to sell their products in other regions with competitive prices. On the other hand, this industry is a facilitator for some others. Its relevance has been exposed during natural disasters when airports are blocked and products cannot be transported. Current economy cannot be understood without air transportation. The challenge of airlines, now, is to find creative ways to continue their optimization and profitable continuity. Airline industry allows us not only to reach any part of the world, but also to have a competitive and trustable economic system.

The National Assemby and Restructuring The French Government :: essays research papers

ON WHAT PINCIPLES DID THE NATIONAL ASSEMBLY SEEK TO RESTRUCTURE FRENCH GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY IN THE YEARS 1789-91? When the National Assembly established a dominant position in the running of the French state in 1789, they needed to move quickly to reform the old state around them into one that corresponded to the political views held within the new Assembly members. A ‘principle’ or origin from which all remodelling could take form from, and that would justify the actions of the Assembly to the people as they began reconstructing the state into a ‘ uniform, decentralised, representative and humanitarian system’ was needed. The question being asked is for us to define this principle used by the Assembly to remodel French society and government, a question that can only be answered by studying the declarations of the Assembly to discover the point at which they declare the main principles of their new system openly in a bid to justify further actions. When the newly gathered members of the National Assembly met on the royal tennis court on the 20th June 1789, they declared a vow that was to be remembered as the ‘Tennis court oath.’ This vow was to never rest until they ‘provided France with a constitution,’ a basses that the Assembly could remodel France around. However, constitutions were new to this time in history and the constitutional writers needed time to discover the art of preparing such a document considering the lack of knowledge they had in the field. They may have been aided by information from the recent events in America and the benefits from studying their new American Constitution, but the Assembly still needed time to insure success, and this meant they needed a temporary base of principles to work from. The starting point in the history of the Assembly’s actions to change France can be seen in the 4th August ‘ August Decrees.’ The Assembly had drawn up this set of principles after the pressure created by the Great Fear had forced action to be taken for the safety of French society. The assembly had wanted to calm down the peasant rising in the country and at the time this meant abolishing the feudal system, a system that hung around the shoulders of the peasantry mass. This action would provide the country with a freedom from personal servitude along with the removal of the dues that restricted the peasantry from day to day.